Assam

Assam......the rich, green land of rolling plains and dense forests is the gateway to the north eastern part of India. The mighty Brahmaputra river that has its origins in Tibet charts its majestic course through this state. This mystic land of eternal blue hills and beautiful rivers is renowned for its tea, rich flora and fauna, the world famous one horned rhinoceros and other rare species of wildlife on the verge of extinction. Barring Africa, there is perhaps no part of the world where such a variety of wildlife exists.

Location

Situated between 90-96 degree East Longitute and 24-28 degree North Latitude, Assam is bordered in the North and East by the Kingdom of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Along the south lies Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. Meghalaya lies to her South-West, Bengal and Bangladesh to her West.

Climate

The specialty of Assam Climate lies in its highest levels of humidity. Since the state of Assam is known to have maximum amount of rainfall, hence the temperatures never go beyond the standard 35 degrees to 38 degrees.

Primarily, the climate of Assam is categorized under two prime heads – rainy season and winter months. While the rainy season starts from June, the winter months begins with the onset of October. The minimum temperature which is found in the coldest of months in Assam

ranges from six to eight degree Celsius.

The agro-climactic conditions of Assam have made it possible to make agriculture as one of the significant sources of income generation. The Brahmaputra River has acted as the prime catalyst in transforming the lands of Assam into fertile zones where various cash crops are grown today. All the lands of Assam are characterized by alluvial qualities.

History

Assam was known as 'Kamarupa' or 'Pragjyotish' in the period of the Epics. Human inhabitation of this area dates backs to about 2000 BC. The population of Assam comprises of the migrants from Burma and China. They came into Assam after the mongoloid migration. They came from Punjab through Bihar and North Bengal. Thus Assam presents a fusion of Mongol-Aryan culture. The early history of Assam is believed to be of the Varman dynasty. The reign of this dynasty extended from 400 AD to 13th century.

The visit of Huien Tsang is said to have taken place during the 7th century at the time of Kumar Bhaskar Varman. The Ahoms ventured into Assam in about 1228 AD. By 15th century the kingdoms of Ahom and Koch were established. This period witnessed a change in all walks of life in Assam.

In the later part of the 18th century the Ahom Kingdom was weakened due to internal strife. The Burmese ran over the political authority in Assam thus invoking British intervention to subdue the Burmese. After a conflict between the Burmese and the English, peace was restored by the treaty of Yandaboo in 1826. The British then set out to organize the administration, transport and communication. Besides the various changes, the construction of railways; introduction of tea plantation, discovery of coal and oil etc. proved fruitful to the British during the World War II. After Independence of India, Assam witnessed several separation of territories. In 1948, NEFA (Arunachal Pradesh) was separated. In 1963 Nagaland was separated. In 1972 Meghalaya and in 1987 Mizoram.

Tourism Destinations

Hajo: Located 32 kms. from Guwahati on the north bank of the Brahmaputra, it is a place where three religions meet - Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism. It has a large number of temples, the chief among them being Hayagriva-Madhab Temple. Poa Mecca is a famous Muslim pilgrimage place here.

Majuli: Assam is famous for Majuli, the world's largest river island. Majuli situated in the midst of river Brahmaputra, is the centre of Vishnava culture.

Majuli is inhabited by tribes like the Mising and the Deoris and is the center of a living heritage of colorful costumes and festivals. A large number of migratory birds come to Majuli.

Sibsagar: Sibsagar is 369 km towards the east of Guwahati. Sibsagar was the capital of the Ahoms who ruled Assam at a stretch for six hundreds years before British captured Assam. Large artificial lake and a huge Shiva temple are special attractions.

Haflong: This is Assam's only hill station. Haflong abounds in natural beauty and large lake is also there. Jatinga 9 kms. from Haflong, is famous for the unexplained phenomenon of migratory birds 'committing mass suicide'.

Tezpur: Tezpur is another major tourist destination. Situated on the north bank of the majestic river Brahmaputra, Tezpur is a beautiful town, renowned for exquisite archaeological ruins and temples.

Fairs & Festivals

Assam is a land of fairs and festivals. Most of the festivals celebrated in Assam have their roots in the diverse faith and belief of her inhabitants, but a spirit ofaccommodation and togetherness characterizes the celebration of all festivals.

The perfect fusion of heritage of her numerous races has made Assam the home of the most colorful festivals which are passionate, compelling and mesmerizing reflecting the true spirit, tradition and lifestlye of the people of Assam.

Six festivals are organised by the Department of Tourism, Govt. of Assam, every year to encourage tourists to visit Assam. They are given below:

Brahmaputra Beach Festival, Dehing Patkai Festival, Tea Festival, Elephant Festival, Rongali Utsav, Ambubachi Mela, Me-Dum-Me-Phi, Jonbeel Mela, Baishagu, Bohaggiyo Bishu, Rajini Gabra & Harni Gabra, Rongker and Chomangkan, Ali-Ai-Ligang, Baikho, Dosa Thoi! Long Nai are other holy festivals celebrated in Assam.

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