All travelers should visit either their personal physician or a travel health clinic before departure. Prophylaxis with Lariam, Malarone, or doxycycline is recommended for all areas, except for areas at altitudes 2,000 m (6,561 ft) in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Kashmir, and Sikkim.

Vaccinations such as Hepatitis A and typhoid are recommended for all travelers. Other vaccination such as polio, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis B should also be taken. All travelers should be up-to-date on tetanus-diphtheria, measles-mumps-rubella, and varicella immunizations.

The most important cause of illness of travelers in India is food and waterborne diseases. Viruses, bacteria, or parasites can cause diarrhea. Infections may cause simple diarrhea and vomiting, fever, or in extreme cases, liver damage (hepatitis).

Malaria is a preventable infection that can create trouble if left untreated. One can prevent infection by taking prescribed anti-malarial drugs and protecting against mosquito bites. Malaria risk in this region exists in some urban and rural areas, depending on the elevation.

If someone is visiting the mountainous region of the Himalayas, he/she should ascend gradually to allow time for the body to adjust to the high altitude, which can cause insomnia, headaches, nausea, and altitude sickness. In addition, one should use sun-block rated at least 15 SPF, because the risk of sunburn is greater at high altitudes.

Some Necessary Precautions

• One should learn as much about the health care delivery before venturing out.
• Make sure that the insurance company covers illnesses and accidents abroad.
• Immunizations against viral or bacterial disease are very important and should be done properly.
• Carry all the important prescriptions and medicines.
• Do not forget to have the brand names as well as the generic names of the medicines one needs to have.
• As India is a tropical country, it is advised to avoid undue stress and excessive exposure to heat and cold.
• Drink plenty of fluids. Do not drink tap water. Use only canned/mineral water or aerated drinks.
• To prevent fungal and parasitic infections, keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot.
• Do not eat food purchased from street vendors.
• Sharing needles with anyone can be dangerous; avoid it like a plague.
• Do not handle animals (especially monkeys, dogs, and cats) to avoid bites and serious diseases (including rabies and plague).
• Do not swim in freshwater. Salt water is usually safer.

Vaccination Formalities

Although yellow fever does not occur in India, proof of appropriate vaccination may be required depending on one's itinerary. Any person (except infants up to the age of six months) arriving by air or sea without a certificate is detained in isolation for a period up to six days if he or she:

• arrives within six days of departure from an infected area, or
• has been in such an area in transit, except the passengers and members of crew who remained within the airport premises in the infected area while transiting and if the Health Officer is ready to give such exemption to the passenger, or
• has come on a ship which has started from or touched at any port in a yellow fever infected area within 30 days of its arrival in India provided such ship has not been disinfected in accordance with the procedure laid down by WHO, or
• has come by an aircraft that has been in an infected area and has not been disinfected in accordance with Indian or WHO regulations.

Other Vaccines

See the doctor at least 4-6 weeks before the trip to allow time for shots to take effect. These vaccinations can be thought about depending on the previous history of the traveler

• Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG)
• Japanese encephalitis, only if planning to visit rural areas for four weeks or more
• Rabies, if someone is exposed to wild or domestic animals during recreation

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